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The Free-Surface Effect

Inside this lesson
  • Explain physically why a free liquid surface reduces effective stability
  • Apply the free-surface correction formula to compute GM_effective
  • Explain why partially-filled tanks are the operational danger
  • Calculate the free-surface correction for a rectangular tank

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Educational content covering topics typical of a first- and second-year marine engineering / naval architecture curriculum. Not a substitute for accredited coursework, and not suitable for real vessel design, operation, or safety decisions without review by a licensed professional engineer. References to classification societies, SOLAS, or MARPOL are descriptive context only, not compliance guidance.